900 BC the first states -- 550 BC the rise of Greece -- 480 BC the battle of Salamis -- 323 BC Europe after Alexander -- 270 BC the rise of Rome -- 121 BC Roman expansion in the Mediterranean -- 31 BC Roman expansion beyond the Mediterranean -- AD 180 the triumph of Rome -- 395 The decline of Rome -- 450 The Barbarian invasions -- 526 The Barbarian West -- 565 The Frankish Kingdom -- 732 The Arab advance -- 814 The death of Charlemagne -- 910 The Viking conquests -- 1003 The first Russian State -- 1030 Feudal Europe -- 1095 The age of the Normans -- 1180 Crusader Europe --

1223 The eve of the Mongol invasions -- 1270 The high Middle Ages -- 1328 The consolidation of England -- 1382 The Ottoman advance -- 1430 The Hundred Years' War -- 1466 The age of the new monarchies -- 1493 The later Middle Ages -- 1530 The Habsburg Ascendancy -- 1572 The wars of religion -- 1618 The eve of the thirty years' war -- 1648 The peace of Westphalia -- 1683 The siege of Vienna -- 1699 The ascendancy of France -- 1721 The rise of Russia -- 1789 The French Revolution -- 1797 The rise of Napoleon -- 1812 Napoleonic Europe -- 1815 The treaty of Vienna --

1861 The unification of Italy

1871 The unification of Germany

1885 Imperial Europe

1914 The eve of the first world war

1925 The aftermath of the First World War

1940 The Nazi conquests

1942 Hitler's Europe

1949 Cold War Europe

1993 The collapse of communism.